What are temporary involuntary terminations lasting from a few weeks to several years called?

The term for temporary involuntary terminations lasting from a few weeks to several years is referred to as layoffs. Layoffs occur when employees are let go due to various reasons, primarily related to the organization’s financial condition or restructuring needs. In this context, the key aspect is that layoffs can either be temporary or permanent, with temporary kinds often referred to as furloughs, which specifically describe a situation where employees are temporarily dismissed but retain the expectation of returning to work later.

However, in the specific classification requested—meaning those involuntary terminations which might not lead back to work quickly or at all—the term "layoffs" aligns most accurately with the phrasing of the question. Layoffs can last for an indeterminate period, sometimes extending into years, especially in economic downturns or prolonged restructurings. The other options don't fit the criteria specified. For example, retirements are voluntary, severances are compensation packages given upon termination, and furloughs tend to indicate a shorter, more defined period of temporary leave rather than a longer uncertainty about employment.